In this video, you will learn about some planets and moons that have water in liquid, solid, or gaseous states. Get ready to discover various intriguing facts about these planets and moons.
Water is an essential element for life, making it crucial in the search for signs of life on other planets. The hydrogen needed to produce ocean water originated from the Big Bang, while oxygen comes from the cores of stars more massive than the Sun. Consequently, there is a significant amount of gaseous water in our galaxy, and our ocean has stellar origins.
Did you know that the Hubble telescope found water molecules in the Helix Nebula? However, the most astonishing fact is the amount of water daily produced by the Orion Nebula – it produces so much water that it could fill the Earth's oceans 60 times over!
These water molecules, combined with other molecules, are used to create new planetary systems. Despite our planet being called Earth, 71% of its surface is covered by water. 96.5% of all the planet's water is in the ocean. And even though we have this vast amount of water, did you know that less than 3% is drinkable? Two-thirds of this water is frozen in glaciers and polar caps.
The oceans on our planet expand by 0.33 cm annually due to the increasing temperature of our planet.
Did you know that planets can lose their oceans? Without a powerful electromagnetic field to protect their atmosphere, water can escape into space at high temperatures. Mars and Venus are examples of planets thought to have had large oceans in the past. The only remnants of water on Mars are in the soil, polar caps, and a bit in the form of mud.
Europa, Jupiter's moon, may have an extensive ocean beneath its frozen surface. Ganymede, the largest moon in our solar system, has an extensive ocean between its crust and core. It is believed that Jupiter's moon Callisto also has an ocean approximately 10 kilometers deep.
Saturn's moon Enceladus also has a 10-kilometer deep ocean. It is assumed that Saturn's moon Titan also has an ocean about 50 kilometers below its icy surface.
You may have noticed that many of these moons are classified based on the assumption of having an ocean, and you may wonder what the basis is for creating the theory of possible oceans. It turns out that, containing a vast amount of conductive saltwater, oceans interfere with the electromagnetic field. So, when they notice that the electromagnetic field does not behave as expected, there is a possibility of an ocean beneath their surface.
Frozen water and flowing glaciers of methane and nitrogen were found on the dwarf planet Pluto. There is consideration of the possibility of an ocean beneath its surface.
HAT-P-11b is located 120 light-years away in the Cygnus constellation. The high temperatures of this exoplanet do not allow it to have an ocean, but it has water vapor. Its sky is clear and cloudless.
Kepler-22b is an exoplanet orbiting a star similar to our Sun at a distance considered by NASA as the "habitable zone." At this distance from its sun, it could have liquid water. It is 2.4 times larger than our planet, and it is still unknown whether it is predominantly gaseous, rocky, or liquid.
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